Transaction Search Form: please type in any of the fields below.
Date: April 30, 2024 Tue
Time: 3:28 am
Time: 3:28 am
Results for racial disparity
6 results foundAuthor: Sentencing Project Title: Reducing Racial Disparity in the Criminal Justice System: A Manual for Practitioners and Policymakers. Rev. ed. Summary: This manual for criminal justice practitioners, policymakers, and community organizations provides guidance on understanding and identifying the causes and manifestations of racial disparity and identifying options to address it. Details: Washington, DC: Sentencing Project, 2010. 66p. Source: Year: 2010 Country: United States URL: Shelf Number: 118248 Keywords: Discrimination in Criminal JusticeRacial Disparity |
Author: Colorado Juvenile Defender Coalition Title: Re-Directing Justice: The Consequences of Prosecuting Youth as Adults and the Need to Restore Judicial Oversight Summary: Direct File is a law that gives prosecutors unilateral discretion to file charges against children in adult criminal court. Contrary to popular belief that direct file is only used on the most serious cases, prosecutors are more often direct filing mid-level felony cases. Only 15% of direct file cases are homicides, and only 5% of cases are charged as first degree murder (only 8 of 84 first-degree murder charges resulted in a first-degree murder conviction). The vast majority of direct filed youth never have their case reviewed by a judge or jury. 95% of cases are plea-bargained. Only 28% of direct file cases are convicted of the highest offense charged, and 22% of cases are dismissed. Direct file disproportionately affects children of color. 82% of admissions to the Youthful Offender System in 2009-2010 were black and Hispanic youth. In contrast, 75% of dismissed cases were white youth. The direct-file law has been used to try thousands of Colorado youth as adults, inappropriately incarcerate them in adult jails and prisons, and mark them with lifelong felony convictions. A large body of research shows that prosecuting children as adults is counterproductive to community safety because youth are less likely to be rehabilitated and become productive members of society. Recommendations: 1.Restore authority over whether a youth should be tried in criminal court to juvenile court judges to ensure constitutional due process and better outcomes for kids and families. 2.If direct file laws are maintained, raise the age limit to 16 and over, restrict criteria to the most serious cases and provide juveniles an opportunity to request transfer back to juvenile court. 3.Create a separate sentencing scheme for juveniles in adult court. 4.Keep youth out of adult jails. 5.Provide opportunities for youth convicted as adults to earn the ability to seal criminal convictions. 6.Improve data collection. Provide comprehensive reports on the impact, cost and effectiveness of prosecuting children as adults. Restoring opportunities for youth to be adjudicated in juvenile court leads to greater opportunities for future success and thus enhances public safety for all of Colorado. Now is the time for Colorado to reassess policies that are trying and incarcerating juveniles in the adult system. Details: Denver, CO: Colorado Juvenile Defender Coalition, 2012. 102p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 14, 2012 at http://cjdc.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/RE-DIRECTING-JUSTICE-FULL-REPORT.pdf Year: 2012 Country: United States URL: http://cjdc.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/RE-DIRECTING-JUSTICE-FULL-REPORT.pdf Shelf Number: 124537 Keywords: Discrimination in Criminal Justice (Colorado)Juvenile Justice Reform (Colorado)Juvenile Offenders (Colorado)Racial DisparityRacial Disparity (Colorado) |
Author: Mauer, Marc Title: To Build a Better Criminal Justice System: 25 Experts Envision the Next 25 Years of Reform Summary: In a new publication of The Sentencing Project 25 leading scholars and practitioners have contributed essays on their strategic vision for the next 25 years of criminal justice reform. Issues addressed in the collection include racial justice strategies, linking public health and criminal justice reform, challenging the war on drugs, and the viability of fiscal pressures as a focus for reform. Details: Washington, D.C.: The Sentencing Project, 2012. 68p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 21, 2012 at http://sentencingproject.org/doc/publications/sen_25_eassys.pdf Year: 2012 Country: United States URL: http://sentencingproject.org/doc/publications/sen_25_eassys.pdf Shelf Number: 124637 Keywords: Administration of JusticeCriminal Justice ReformCriminal Justice SystemsDrug PolicyIncarcerationJuvenile JusticeRacial DisparitySentencing ReformVoting Rights |
Author: Feder, Jody Title: Racial Profiling: Legal and Constitutional Issues Summary: Racial profiling is the practice of targeting individuals for police or security detention based on their race or ethnicity in the belief that certain minority groups are more likely to engage in unlawful behavior. Examples of racial profiling by federal, state, and local law enforcement agencies are illustrated in legal settlements and data collected by governmental agencies and private groups, suggesting that minorities are disproportionately the subject of routine traffic stops and other security-related practices. The issue has periodically attracted congressional interest, particularly with regard to existing and proposed legislative safeguards, which include the proposed End Racial Profiling Act of 2011 (H.R. 3618/S. 1670) in the 112th Congress. Several courts have considered the constitutional ramifications of the practice as an “unreasonable search and seizure” under the Fourth Amendment and, more recently, as a denial of the Fourteenth Amendment’s equal protection guarantee. A variety of federal and state statutes provide potential relief to individuals who claim that their rights are violated by race-based law enforcement practices and policies. Details: Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service, 2012. 16p. Source: CRS RL31130: Internet Resource: Accessed May 13, 2012 at https://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL31130.pdf Year: 2012 Country: United States URL: https://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL31130.pdf Shelf Number: 125249 Keywords: Laws and Legal ProceduresPolice BehaviorRacial DisparityRacial Profiling |
Author: Sentencing Project Title: Ending Mass Incarceration: Charting a New Justice Reinvestment Summary: Justice Reinvestment was conceived as part of the solution to mass incarceration. The intent was to reduce corrections populations and budgets, thereby generating savings for reinvestment in high incarceration communities to make them safer, stronger, more prosperous, and equitable. While efforts to date have played a significant role in opening space for criminal justice reform, they have not produced significant reductions in the correctional populations. This report contains an analysis of why this has been the case, and how the original mission of Justice Reinvestment can be achieved moving forward by focusing on reducing incarceration and targeting investments in high incarceration communities. Details: Washington, DC: The Sentencing Project, 2013. 36p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 17, 2013 at: http://sentencingproject.org/doc/publications/sen_Charting%20a%20New%20Justice%20Reinvestment.pdf Year: 2013 Country: United States URL: http://sentencingproject.org/doc/publications/sen_Charting%20a%20New%20Justice%20Reinvestment.pdf Shelf Number: 128396 Keywords: Drug PolicyIncarcerationJuvenile JusticeRacial DisparitySentencing Policy |
Author: Males, Mike Title: San Francisco's Disproportionate Arrest Rates of African American Women Persist Summary: A new CJCJ fact sheet analyzing data shows the disproportionately high arrest rates of African American women in San Francisco. According to the data, black women compose less than six percent of San Francisco's female population, but constitute nearly half of all female arrests and experience arrest rates 13 times higher than women of other races. The fact sheet expounds upon a 2012 CJCJ research brief by Mike Males and William Armaline, which charts the increasing racially disparate arrest rates of African Americans in San Francisco over the past 40 years that continue today. While in 1980 African American women were 4.1 times more likely to be arrested than women of other races, as of 2013, black women in San Francisco were 13.4 times more likely to be arrested than non-black women. This despite an overall decrease in the population of African Americans in San Francisco. Details: San Francisco: Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice, 2015. 6p. Source: Internet Resource: Fact Sheet: Accessed May 1, 2015 at: http://www.cjcj.org/uploads/cjcj/documents/disproportionate_arrests_in_san_francisco.pdf Year: 2015 Country: United States URL: http://www.cjcj.org/uploads/cjcj/documents/disproportionate_arrests_in_san_francisco.pdf Shelf Number: 135456 Keywords: African AmericansArrest RatesFemale Offenders (San Francisco)Race and CrimeRacial Disparity |